Read
the following passages and answer the questions that follow.
1. Passage
1
As
laws and procedures regulating divorce have altered, the divorce rate has
tended to increase by leaps and bounds; with each new piece of legislation
making divorce more readily available, the rate has risen rapidly for a time
before levelling off. Today there is one divorce in Britain for every three
marriages. (In the USA the rate is one in two.) Many people have suggested that
the higher divorce rates reflect an underlying increase in marital instability;
the problem with this argument is that we have no way of knowing how many
'unstable' or 'unhappy' marriages existed before legislation made it possible
to dissolve them in a public (and recordable) form. Some commentators have gone
further, and argued that more permissive divorce laws in themselves cause
marital breakdown. But we can certainly be sceptical of such a view, suggesting
as it does that happily married couples can suddenly be persuaded to abandon
their relationship, propelled by the attraction of a new divorce law. A more
plausible explanation for rises in the divorce rate after the passage of a law
is that unhappily married couples were for the first time given access to a
legal solution to pre-existent marital problems; in other words, changes in
divorce laws are less likely to cause martial breakdown than to provide new
types of solution where breakdown has already occurred.
Bilton, T., K.
Bonnett and P. Jones (1987) Introductory Sociology, 2nd edition. London:
Macmillan, p. 301.
a. Is
the passage mosltly fact or opinion ?
b. What
is the patern of this text?
c. What
is author purpose ?
d. What
is the author biased?
e. What
is the author tone ?
2. Passage
2
Nicky
Hart argues that the increasing divorce rate can be seen as a 'product of
conflict between the changing economic system and its social and ideological
superstructure (notably the family)'. In advance capitalist industrial
societies, there is an increasing demand for cheap female wage labour. Wives
are encouraged to take up paid employment not only because of the demand for
their services, but also because the capitalist controlled media has raised 'material
aspirations'
- the demand for goods that families desire. These material aspirations can
only be satisfied by both spouses working as wage earners. However, conflict
results from the contradiction between female wage labour and the normative
expectations which surround married life. 'Working wives' are still expected to
be primarily responsible for housework and raising children. In addition, they
are still expected, to some degree, to play a subservient role to the male head
of the household. These normative expectations contradict the wife's role as a
wage
earner, since she is now sharing the economic burden with her husband. Conflict
between the spouses can result from this contradiction, and conflict can lead
to marital breakdown.
Haralambos,
M. (1995) Sociology, Themes and
Perspectives, 3rd edition. London: Bell
and Hyman pp. 364-5.
a. Is
the passage mosltly fact or opinion ?
b. What
is the patern of this text?
c. What
is author purpose ?
d. What
is the author biased?
e. What
is the author tone ?
ANSWER
KEY
1. Passage
1
a. Fact
, becouse any result from research about As laws and procedures regulating
divorce
b. The
patern of the passage is explanation
c. Purpose
of the passage to know how many the divorce rate has tended to increase by
leaps and bounds; with each new piece of legislation making divorce more
readily available, the rate has risen rapidly for a time before levelling off
d. .
But we can certainly be sceptical of such a view, suggesting as it does that
happily married couples can suddenly be persuaded to abandon their
relationship, propelled by the attraction of a new divorce law
e. The
tone of the text is seriossly
2. Passage
2
a. The
passage is opinion frow writer
b. The
patern of the passage is argumentatif
c. Purpose
of the passage is that the increasing divorce rate can be seen as a 'product of
conflict between the changing economic system and its social and ideological
superstructure (notably the family)'. In advance capitalist industrial
societies, there is an increasing demand for cheap female wage labour.
d. they
are still expected, to some degree, to play a subservient role to the male head
of the household. These normative expectations contradict the wife's role as a
wage earner, since she
is now sharing the economic burden with her husband. Conflict between the
spouses can result from this contradiction, and conflict can lead to marital
breakdown.
e. The
tone of the text is seriossly
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